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【目的】探究Bt蛋白对重金属污染土壤铜铅形态分布及细菌群落的影响，以期为全面评估Bt蛋白进入重金属污染土壤生态系统潜在生态风险提供理论依据。【方法】研究以典型Bt抗虫蛋白——Cry1Ac蛋白与土壤重金属(Cu、Pb)为对象，通过短期(1 d)和长期(60 d)土壤培养实验，测定土壤理化性质、Cu/Pb形态分布及细菌群落结构。【结果】结果表明，土壤Bt蛋白含量增加会使得土壤有效态Cu、Pb浓度增加。相关性分析显示，土壤Cu酸可提取态含量与Bt蛋白初始浓度、Bt蛋白检出量存在极显著正相关关系；土壤Cu可还原态含量与Bt蛋白初始浓度、Bt蛋白检出量存在显著负相关关系。短期(1 d)Bt蛋白在一定程度降低细菌指数。相较于培养1 d土壤，培养60 d土壤细菌群落丰富度及多样性均出现显著下降，该效应主要源于重金属胁迫持续增强。【结论】转Bt作物释放的Bt蛋白在进入重金属污染土壤后，可通过直接络合或竞争吸附位点增加Cu、Pb的生物可利用性，并在短期内抑制细菌群落丰富度；长期则与重金属胁迫协同作用，改变细菌群落结构。未来需关注田间实际条件下二者的长期互作机制，为评估转基因作物在重金属污染农田种植的生态风险提供更科学的依据。
Abstract：【Objective】The effects of Bt protein on copper and lead speciation and bacterial communities in soil were investigated so as to provide a theoretical basis for assessing the potential ecological risks of its introduction into heavy metal-contaminated soil ecosystems. 【Method】Using a typical Bt in insecticidal protein—Cry1Ac protein and soil heavy metals(Cu, Pb) as subjects, through short-term(1 day) and long-term(60 days) soil incubation experiments, soil physicochemical properties, Cu/Pb speciation distribution, and bacterial communities were measured. 【Result】Results indicate that increased Bt protein content elevates available Cu and Pb concentrations in soil. Correlation analysis reveals a highly significant positive correlation between soil acid-extractable Cu and Bt protein initial concentration analysis levels, while the reducible fraction of Cu shows a significant negative correlation with both parameters. Short-term(1 day) Bt protein exposure slightly reduces the bacterial richness index. Compared to 1-day cultures, 60-day cultures exhibited significantly decreased bacterial community richness and diversity, primarily attributed to sustained heavy metal stress. 【Conclusion】The Bt protein released from Bt crops, when entering soil contaminated with heavy metals, can enhance the bioavailability of Cu and Pb through direct complexation or competitive adsorption of sites. This process temporarily suppresses bacterial community richness. Over time, however, it synergizes with heavy metal stress to alter the structure of bacterial communities. Future studies should investigate the long-term interactions between these elements under field conditions to provide a more comprehensive theoretical framework for ecological risk assessment of transgenic crop cultivation in heavy metal-contaminated farmland.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:X53
引用信息:
[1]吴道雄,曾洪,杨思培,等.Bt蛋白对铜铅复合污染土壤重金属形态及细菌群落的影响[J].湖南生态科学学报,2025,12(04):12-22.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(41877491); 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30307); 湖南农业大学“1515”人才项目
2025-11-19
2025-11-19
2025-11-19